Congo War Security Review

Data Cutoff: April 15, 2025, at 1 P.M. EST

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Read CTP’s latest analysis on the war in the eastern DRC in the weekly Africa File here. To receive the Africa File via email, please subscribe here.

Key Takeaway: M23 regained control of several villages on the RN2 road in between the Kalehe and Kabare districts in northern South Kivu. Wazalendo fighters attacked M23 near the Masisi district capital in an attempt to overturn M23’s gains over the last week.

Northern Axis: Lubero-Butembo-Beni-Bunia

Nothing significant to report.

Southern Axis: Bukavu-Uvira-Baraka-Kalemie

M23 regained control of several villages on the RN2 road in between the Kalehe and Kabare districts in northern South Kivu. The Congolese media outlet Tazama RDC reported on social media that M23 forces retook control of the villages—including Kasheke and Kabamba, which are roughly 11 miles and 9 miles north of Kavumu airport, respectively—on April 15.[1] Pro-Congolese government Wazalendo militia fighters had launched an offensive against M23 on the RN2 road from their positions in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park on April 12.[2] French state media reported that M23 forces deployed additional troops to the RN2 between Kavumu and Katana, about 4 miles south of Kabamba, to support M23 operations against Wazalendo fighters in Kabamba on April 14.[3]

Northwest Axis: Masisi-Walikale-Lubutu-Kisangani

Wazalendo fighters attacked M23 near the Masisi district capital to overturn M23’s gains over the last week. The Congolese media outlet Tazama RDC reported that Wazalendo fighters attacked M23 in Buabo—a village about 9 miles southwest of Masisi town—on April 15.[4] The outlet said that Wazalendo fighters were attempting to regain control of “six positions” captured by M23 near Masisi town and had managed to retake “four of the six positions they lost last week.”[5] M23 recaptured Buabo after Wazalendo fighters withdrew from the town on April 11.[6] M23 captured Masisi town in early January, and Wazalendo militia fighters have regularly clashed with M23 in Masisi district after pro-Congolese government forces began launching intermittent attacks near Masisi town in early March.[7]

Southwest Axis: Bukavu-Kamituga-Shabunda-Kindu

Nothing significant to report.

Major Political Developments

Nothing significant to report.

Data Cutoff: April 14, 2025, at 1 P.M. EST

Follow CTP on Twitter, LinkedIn, and BlueSky for daily updates.

Read CTP’s latest analysis on the war in the eastern DRC in the weekly Africa File here. To receive the Africa File via email, please subscribe here.

Key Takeaway: M23 repelled a pro-Congolese government Wazalendo militia offensive to recapture Goma from M23. M23 accused Southern African Development Community (SADC) troops of being behind the Wazalendo attack on Goma and demanded that SADC immediately withdraw. Wazalendo fighters launched an offensive on the RN2 road north of Bukavu in Kabare district in northern South Kivu. M23 repelled Wazalendo attacks on the RP529 road in between the Masisi and Walikale districts in western North Kivu. M23 clashed with Wazalendo fighters in villages near the Walungu and Mwenga district capitals in central South Kivu.

Goma:

M23 repelled a pro-Congolese government Wazalendo militia offensive to recapture Goma from M23. “Large numbers” of Wazalendo fighters launched “well-coordinated” attacks on M23 positions in the western part of Goma and in southwest Nyiragongo district on the Goma outskirts using light and heavy weaponry on April 11 and April 12 in an attempt to retake Goma.[i] The M23-appointed governor of North Kivu said on April 12 that M23 forces “annihilated” and “quickly neutralized” the attack.[ii] Wazalendo fighters from the Collectif des Mouvements pour le Changement-Forces de Défense du Peuple (CMC-FDP) group took responsibility for the offensive on Goma as part of a series of attacks in recent days in response to M23 attacks in an unspecified location earlier in the week.[iii] M23 has been conducting operations in the Virunga National Park and southern Rutshuru district since late March against militia fighters with suspected ties to Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda (FDLR), an ethnic Hutu militia with links to the Rwandan genocide.[iv] M23 claimed that the Congolese army (FARDC) and FDLR participated in the attack on Goma.[v] FARDC spokesperson Sylvain Ekenge rejected M23’s accusation and accused M23 of perpetrating an “organized and simulated” attack against civilians that killed more than 52 people to “manipulate public opinion and compromise ongoing peace efforts.”[vi] Ekenge claimed that FARDC positions are too far from Goma to support such an attack.[vii]

Northern Axis: Lubero-Butembo-Beni-Bunia

Nothing significant to report.

Southern Axis: Bukavu-Uvira-Baraka-Kalemie

Wazalendo fighters launched an offensive from their positions in the bush on the RN2 road north of Bukavu in Kabare district in northern South Kivu. Wazalendo fighters based in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park pushed M23 back to Kabamba—about 9 miles north of the Kavumu airport on April 12.[viii] Wazalendo fighters briefly occupied Kavumu, near the entrance to the Kahuzi-Biega park on the RN3 road but withdrew peacefully to the forest on April 13.[ix] Congolese media reported that both Wazalendo fighters and M23 reinforced their positions—the latter from Bukavu—in Kabamba and in Kavumu, respectively, on April 13.[x] Clashes between M23 and Wazalendo fighters resumed on April 14 as M23 attempted to regain control of Kabamba and Kasheke—two miles north of Kabamba on the RN2.[xi] Hundreds of Wazalendo fighters had previously recaptured up to a dozen villages in the neighboring Kalehe district, northwest of the Kahuzi-Biega Park on April 9.[xii]

Wazalendo fighters recaptured up to six villages near Minembwe town in southern South Kivu from M23-aligned rebel groups. Independent Congolese journalists reported on social media on April 13 that a Wazalendo militia clashed with M23-aligned Twirwaneho rebels and took control of the villages in the Fizi district near Minembwe.[xiii] Twirwaneho rebels have regularly clashed with Wazalendo militias near Minembwe since late February.[xiv] Twirwaneho is part of M23’s wider political coalition, Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC), and the UN reported in December 2024 that the armed groups had ties to Rwanda and had become “AFC/M23 proxies” in South Kivu.[xv]

Northwest Axis: Masisi-Walikale-Lubutu-Kisangani

M23 repelled Wazalendo attacks on the RP529 road in between the Masisi and Walikale districts in western North Kivu. Wazalendo fighters attacked M23 in two villages near Kashebere—about 8 miles west of the Masisi district capital—on the RP529 road on April 13.[xvi] Congolese media initially reported that Wazalendo recaptured the villages and pushed M23 back east to Kaandja, which is roughly 4 miles from Masisi, on April 13.[xvii] M23 maintained its positions in Kashebere after the Wazalendo attacks, however, and Congolese media reported on April 14 that M23 still controls the two villages near Kashebere and advanced 6 miles further west along the RP529 to Kibati.[xviii]

Southwest Axis: Bukavu-Kamituga-Shabunda-Kindu

M23 clashed with Wazalendo fighters in villages near the Walungu and Mwenga district capitals in central South Kivu. M23 clashed with Wazalendo militia fighters in Burhale, which is about 9 miles south of Walungu town, on April 13.[xix] Independent Congolese journalist Daniel Michombero said on social media on April 13 that M23 sent reinforcements to Walungu district from Bukavu.[xx] The Congolese news outlet Radio Okapi reported that Wazalendo attacked M23 positions in Walungu town on April 13 but quickly withdrew.[xxi] The Congolese news outlet Actualite.cd reported that M23 clashed with Wazalendo fighters in Ihanga, which is roughly 21 miles north of the Mwenga district capital, on April 13.[xxii] M23’s offensive toward the Mwenga district capital has stalled since early March when Wazalendo fighters repelled an assault on Mwenga town.[xxiii]

Major Political Developments

M23 accused Southern African Development Community (SADC) troops of being behind the Wazalendo attack on Goma and demanded that SADC immediately withdraw. M23 spokesperson Lawrence Kanyuka claimed in an April 12 communiqué that SADC participated in “joint operations” with FARDC, FDLR, and Wazalendo fighters against M23 in Goma on April 11.[xxiv] A researcher on social media disputed this claim, however, citing security sources who said that SADC troops had “remained in their bases with only limited logistics traffic” during the Wazalendo attacks.[xxv] M23 accused the SADC of “directly threatening the stability and security of civilians” and terminated a late March agreement with the SADC Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (SAMIDRC) for the phased withdrawal of SAMIDRC forces and demanded the immediate withdrawal of SAMIDRC troops.[xxvi] SADC denied the accusation in a statement on April 14 and said that it had not violated the agreement.[xxvii] Kanyuka also demanded on April 12 that UN peacekeepers hand over FARDC soldiers who have been stationed in UN facilities.[xxviii] UN forces also denied involvement in the April 11 attack on Goma.[xxix]

[i] https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/04/12/actualite/securite/des-tirs-nourris-et-des-bombardements-entendus-louest-de-goma; https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/clashes-hit-rebel-controlled-goma-largest-city-east-congo-2025-04-12; https://actualite dot cd/2025/04/12/rdc-retour-au-calme-louest-et-au-nord-de-goma-apres-une-nuit-agitee-par-des; https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20250412-est-de-la-rdc-goma-th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre-d-%C3%A9changes-de-tirs-entre-l-arm%C3%A9e-congolaise-et-l-afc-m23; https://www.radiookapi.net/2025/04/13/actualite/securite/le-gouvernement-rapporte-52-morts-lors-dune-attaque-organisee-et

[ii] https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20250412-est-de-la-rdc-goma-th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre-d-%C3%A9changes-de-tirs-entre-l-arm%C3%A9e-congolaise-et-l-afc-m23;

https://kivumorningpost dot com/2025/04/12/goma-calme-retrouve-apres-des-affrontements-bahati-musanga-accuse-la-coalition-wazalendo-fdlr-fardc; https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/04/12/actualite/securite/des-tirs-nourris-et-des-bombardements-entendus-louest-de-goma

[iii] https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20250412-rdc-les-milices-wazalendo-r%C3%A9vendiquent-l-attaque-de-goma-repouss%C3%A9e-par-le-m23; https://kivumorningpost dot com/2025/04/12/goma-calme-retrouve-apres-des-affrontements-bahati-musanga-accuse-la-coalition-wazalendo-fdlr-fardc; https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/clashes-hit-rebel-controlled-goma-largest-city-east-congo-2025-04-12; https://kivumorningpost dot com/2025/04/09/rutshuru-violents-combats-entre-les-presumes-fdlr-et-m23-a-pena-dans-le-parc-de-virunga

[iv] https://kivumorningpost dot com/2025/04/09/rutshuru-violents-combats-entre-les-presumes-fdlr-et-m23-a-pena-dans-le-parc-de-virunga; https://kivumorningpost dot com/2025/03/31/rutshuru-accrochages-entre-le-m23-et-des-wazalendo-a-machazo; https://kivumorningpost dot com/2025/03/28/rutshuru-violents-accrochages-entre-le-m23-et-wazalendo-a-nkwenda; https://www.defenceweb dot co.za/african-news/samidrc-troops-to-withdraw-by-road-through-rwanda

[v] https://x.com/LawrenceKanyuka/status/1911263245609877748; https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/04/12/actualite/securite/des-tirs-nourris-et-des-bombardements-entendus-louest-de-goma

[vi] https://x.com/afrikarabia/status/1911158389503107159; https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/clashes-hit-rebel-controlled-goma-largest-city-east-congo-2025-04-12; https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/04/13/actualite/securite/le-gouvernement-rapporte-52-morts-lors-dune-attaque-organisee-et; https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/04/13/actualite/securite/les-fardc-refutent-les-accusations-de-lafcm23-concernant-une-attaque; https://actualite.cd/2025/04/13/est-de-la-rdc-les-fardc-considerent-les-attaques-de-lafcm23-comme-une-manoeuvre; https://apnews.com/article/congo-goma-m23-wazalendo-rebels-f4c6dcbc9b2a48a6997111cf499c3e1b; https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20250414-est-de-la-rdc-l-arm%C3%A9e-d%C3%A9nonce-une-accusation-infond%C3%A9e-du-groupe-afc-m23-suite-%C3%A0-des-combats-%C3%A0-goma

[vii] https://x.com/TazamaRDC_Infos/status/1911423250984214959; https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20250414-est-de-la-rdc-l-arm%C3%A9e-d%C3%A9nonce-une-accusation-infond%C3%A9e-du-groupe-afc-m23-suite-%C3%A0-des-combats-%C3%A0-goma; https://kivumorningpost dot com/2025/04/14/rdc-les-fardc-dementent-une-attaque-contre-goma-et-accusent-lafc-m23-de-manipulation

[viii] https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/04/13/actualite/securite/les-fardc-et-les-wazalendo-lancent-des-offensives-contre-le-m23-sur; https://x.com/AKimonyo/status/1911144002583150910; https://actualite dot cd/2025/04/13/sud-kivu-des-combat-entre-wazalendo-et-m23-signale-katana-kabamba-et-kayandja

[ix] https://x.com/TazamaRDC_Infos/status/1911361530051887169; https://actualite dot cd/2025/04/13/rdc-sud-kivu-presence-des-wazalendo-kavumu-et-kabamba-sans-affrontements; https://actualite dot cd/2025/04/13/kabare-le-m23-reprend-kavumu-apres-affrontements-avec-les-wazalendo; https://www.mediacongo dot net/article-actualite-149587_situation_a_kavumu_7_morts_13_blesses_l_aeroport_sous_controle_du_m23.html; https://x.com/TazamaRDC_Infos/status/1911407122568347666

[x] https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/04/13/actualite/securite/les-fardc-et-les-wazalendo-lancent-des-offensives-contre-le-m23-sur; https://actualite dot cd/2025/04/13/sud-kivu-des-combat-entre-wazalendo-et-m23-signale-katana-kabamba-et-kayandja; https://x.com/TazamaRDC_Infos/status/1911361530051887169; https://actualite dot cd/2025/04/13/rdc-sud-kivu-presence-des-wazalendo-kavumu-et-kabamba-sans-affrontements; https://x.com/TazamaRDC_Infos/status/1911407122568347666

[xi] https://x.com/byobe_malenga/status/1911723582658322815; https://x.com/TazamaRDC_Infos/status/1911752652355928173; https://x.com/KadimaYassin/status/1911761821171605576; https://x.com/KadimaYassin/status/1911781431623197139

[xii] https://actualite dot cd/2025/04/10/kalehe-une-dizaine-dagglomerations-passent-sous-controle-des-wazalendo-apres-des; https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/04/10/actualite/securite/apres-3-jours-de-combat-8-localites-de-kalehe-jadis-controlees-par-les; https://x.com/TazamaRDC_Infos/status/1910257116046119385; https://actualite dot cd/2025/04/08/kalehe-affrontements-entre-m23-et-wazalendo-bushaku-katale-et-kafufula; https://x.com/michombero/status/1908797341835870342

[xiii] https://x.com/byobe_malenga/status/1911378937210425537; https://x.com/michombero/status/1911384583511122210

[xiv] https://x.com/KivuMorningPost/status/1892941868578611650; https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20250221-rdc-l-arm%C3%A9earau; https://x.com/byobe_malenga/status/1894331138380107849; https://actualite dot cd/2025/03/06/rdc-mwenga-les-wazalendo-reprennent-le-village-mikenge-apres-de-violents-combats-contre; https://actualite dot cd/2025/03/21/mwenga-cinq-morts-dans-des-affrontements-entre-wazalendo-et-twirwaheno-mikenge; https://kivumorningpost dot com/2025/03/31/sud-kivu-les-rebelles-de-lafc-m23-reussissent-a-joindre-les-twirwaneho-a-minembwe; https://x.com/byobe_malenga/status/1910296913653514260

[xv] https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n24/373/37/pdf/n2437337.pdf

[xvi] https://actualite dot cd/2025/04/13/nord-kivu-les-wazalendo-delogent-le-m23-de-kibanda-et-kasopo-pres-de-kashebere; https://x.com/FredMASTAKI6/status/1911679694388302050; https://x.com/michombero/status/1911678010492678477

[xvii] https://actualite dot cd/2025/04/13/nord-kivu-les-wazalendo-delogent-le-m23-de-kibanda-et-kasopo-pres-de-kashebere; https://x.com/FredMASTAKI6/status/1911679694388302050; https://x.com/michombero/status/1911678010492678477

[xviii] https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/04/14/actualite/securite/nord-kivu-les-rebelles-du-m23-signales-kashebere-et-kibati; https://x.com/TazamaFact/status/1911703411646415083

[xix] https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/04/13/actualite/securite/les-fardc-et-les-wazalendo-lancent-des-offensives-contre-le-m23-sur; https://x.com/michombero/status/1911369541461946421

[xx] https://x.com/michombero/status/1911369541461946421

[xxi] https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/04/14/actualite/securite/sud-kivu-retour-au-calme-apres-des-violences-kavumu-et-walungu

[xxii] https://actualite dot cd/2025/04/14/mwenga-m23-et-wazalendo-saffrontent-dans-le-village-de-butondo

[xxiii] https://www.congo-press dot com/provinces/agression-rwandaise-les-positions-des-fardc-et-wazalendo-attaquees-ce-lundi-par-le-m23-afc-a-la-frontiere-entre-le-maniema-et-le-sud-kivu; https://x.com/pbeyok/status/1899462212948840626; https://x.com/sergesindani01/status/1899492573795787057

[xxiv] https://x.com/LawrenceKanyuka/status/1911263245609877748; https://kivumorningpost dot com/2025/04/14/rdc-lafc-m23-somme-la-samirdc-de-quitter-goma

[xxv] https://x.com/darren_olivier/status/1911312412923277542

[xxvi] https://x.com/LawrenceKanyuka/status/1911263245609877748

[xxvii] https://x.com/SADC_News/status/1911785992417145077; https://actualite dot cd/2025/04/14/goma-la-sadc-refute-les-allegations-de-la-rebellion-afcm23-et-reaffirme-son-attachement

[xxviii] https://x.com/LawrenceKanyuka/status/1911263245609877748

[xxix] https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/04/14/actualite/securite/la-monusco-dement-son-implication-dans-des-preparatifs-dattaque

Data Cutoff: April 11, 2025, at 1 P.M. EST

Follow CTP on Twitter, LinkedIn, and BlueSky for daily updates.

Read CTP’s latest analysis on the war in the eastern DRC in the weekly Africa File here. To receive the Africa File via email, please subscribe here.

Key Takeaway: M23 captured villages in Lubero district in northern North Kivu for the first time since late February. M23 repelled pro-Congolese government Wazalendo fighters’ attacks on the Masisi district capital in northern North Kivu and launched limited counterattacks in nearby villages. M23 spokesperson Lawrence Kanyuka accused the DRC of violating a ceasefire in an April 11 communiqué.

Northern Axis: Lubero-Butembo-Beni-Bunia

M23 captured villages in Lubero district in northern North Kivu for the first time since late February. The Congolese news outlet Radio Okapi cited security sources on April 11 who said that M23 “has occupied seven villages” in Lubero district since April 9.[1] Independent Congolese journalist Byobe Malenga corroborated this report on social media on April 11 but also did not provide additional details.[2] The Ugandan army (UPDF) has blocked M23’s attempts to flank pro-Congolese government forces in Lubero town since late February, but UPDF spokesperson Chris Magezi said on social media in late March that the UPDF was considering withdrawing its troops from Lubero town.[3]

Southern Axis: Bukavu-Uvira-Baraka-Kalemie

Nothing significant to report.

Northwest Axis: Masisi-Walikale-Lubutu-Kisangani

M23 repelled pro-Congolese government Wazalendo fighters’ attacks on the Masisi district capital in northern North Kivu and launched limited counterattacks in nearby villages. Congolese media said in separate reports on April 11 that Wazalendo fighters had attacked M23 on the outskirts of Masisi town, but M23 recaptured Buabo—a village about 9 miles southwest of Masisi town—after Wazalendo fighters withdrew from the town.[4] The Congolese news outlet Kivu Morning Post reported that Wazalendo and M23 clashed in Lwanguba on April 11, roughly 3 miles south of Masisi center, on April 11.[5] M23 had captured Masisi town in early January, and Wazalendo militia fighters have regularly clashed with M23 in Masisi district after pro-Congolese government forces began launching intermittent attacks near Masisi town in early March.[6]

Southwest Axis: Bukavu-Kamituga-Shabunda-Kindu

Nothing significant to report.

Major Political Developments

M23 spokesperson Lawrence Kanyuka accused the DRC of violating a ceasefire in an April 11 communiqué.[7] Kanyuka claimed that the Congolese army (FARDC) violated the ceasefire after FARDC reoccupied Walikale town in western North Kivu following M23’s withdrawal on April 3.[8] Kanyuka also claimed that FARDC attacked civilians and M23 positions in several districts in North Kivu and South Kivu but provided no evidence.[9] M23 has previously justified its territorial advances despite ceasefires using similar rhetoric in the past.[10]

[1] https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/04/11/actualite/securite/poursuite-des-combats-dans-les-kivu-malgre-les-negociations-doha-sous

[2] https://x.com/byobe_malenga/status/1910695977511493671

[3] https://x.com/GeorgesKisando/status/1897568684484235417; https://actualite dot cd/2025/03/04/rdc-lubero-les-rebelles-du-m23-kasugho-entre-une-colline-des-gorilles-et-un-bas-fond-dor; https://actualite dot cd/2025/03/07/nord-kivu-sans-combat-le-m23-se-retire-de-kasugho-et-prend-la-direction-de-bunyatenge; https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1660907/politique/guerre-dans-lest-de-la-rdc-larmee-congolaise-exhorte-ses-fuyards-a-reprendre-les-combats; https://x.com/ChrisOMagezi/status/1906260522711802361

[4] https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/04/11/actualite/securite/poursuite-des-combats-dans-les-kivu-malgre-les-negociations-doha-sous; https://x.com/byobe_malenga/status/1910695977511493671; https://kivumorningpost dot com/2025/04/11/masisi-le-m23-reprend-le-controle-de-buabo-centre

[5] https://kivumorningpost dot com/2025/04/11/masisi-le-m23-reprend-le-controle-de-buabo-centre

[6] https://kivumorningpost dot cd/2025/01/02/masisi-la-localite-de-kaniro-passe-sous-controle-du-m23; https://actualite dot cd/index.php/2025/01/02/masisi-combats-entre-les-wazalendo-et-le-m23-dans-plusieurs-localites-du-groupement; https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/01/03/actualite/securite/violents-combats-entre-fardc-et-m23-jeudi-dans-le-territoire-de-masisi; https://kivumorningpost dot com/2025/03/06/masisi-violents-affrontements-entre-m23-et-wazalendo-a-buabo; https://x.com/byobe_malenga/status/1898010074724897172; https://x.com/TazamaRDC_Infos/status/1897993653462704570; https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/03/08/actualite/securite/poursuite-des-affrontements-entre-les-fardc-et-le-m23-dans-le; https://kivumorningpost dot com/2025/03/18/masisi-violents-combats-pres-de-kahanga-entre-m23-et-wazalendo; https://actualite dot cd/2025/04/01/rdc-combats-ce-mardi-entre-les-rebelles-de-lafcm23-et-les-miliciens-apcls-masisi-centre; https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/04/03/actualite/securite/affrontements-m23-wazalendo-masisi-les-habitants-terres-dans-leurs; https://actualite dot cd/2025/04/03/rdc-nouveaux-affrontements-entre-le-m23-et-les-miliciens-de-lapcls-masisi-centre-ce; https://kivumorningpost dot com/2025/04/03/masisi-centre-violents-affrontements-entre-wazalendo-et-m23; https://www.radiookapi dot net/2025/04/11/actualite/securite/poursuite-des-combats-dans-les-kivu-malgre-les-negociations-doha-sous

[7] https://x.com/LawrenceKanyuka/status/1910434319052525672

[8] https://x.com/LawrenceKanyuka/status/1910434319052525672; https://actualite dot cd/2025/04/03/rdc-larmee-et-les-wazalendo-de-retour-walikale-centre-apres-le-retrait-des-rebelles-de; https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/congo-rebels-leave-strategic-town-ahead-planned-doha-talks-2025-04-04

[9] https://x.com/LawrenceKanyuka/status/1910434319052525672

[10] https://x.com/LawrenceKanyuka/status/1886488350393049173; https://x.com/LawrenceKanyuka/status/1893524401770868824; https://x.com/LawrenceKanyuka/status/1894488776111472847